About Automation Projects

Studio enables you to create the following types of projects:

• Process - Design an automation process and publish it so that it can be executed by robots.
• Library - Design workflows as reusable components and publish the project as a library that can be added as a dependency to multiple processes. For more information, see About Libraries.
• Test Automation - Design a test automation project. For more information about test automation, see the Test Suite section.
• Template - Design a process and publish it as a template that other processes which share common characteristics can then be based on. For more information, see Project Templates.

To create a new blank project, go to Home (Studio Backstage View) > Start and select the type of project to create under New Project. Alternatively, you can start from one of the default templates available under New from Template or go to the Templates tab to browse for more templates from various sources.

In the new project window, configure the following for each project:

• Enter a name for the new project (up to 128 characters) and a description that summaries what you are aiming to do with this automation project (up to 500 characters).
• Select the location where to create the project. The default location where projects are created is %USERPROFILE%\Documents\UiPath.

• Select the compatibility and language.

  Note: The compatibility and language cannot be changed after you create a project. However, you can convert your Windows - Legacy projects to the Windows compatibility.

By default, the project folder includes the following files and subfolders:

• Files

  • Main.xaml - Created by default to hold your main workflow. In addition, all the other automation XAML files you add to the project are stored in the project folder. Optionally, you can set a different file as main. All the files must be linked through the Invoke Workflow File activity to the file set as main or to a file marked as an entry point to the project. For test automation projects, a TestCase.xaml file is created by default instead of Main.xaml.
    Note:

    • You cannot run Windows projects that contain a XAML file named Init.xaml.
    • A XAML file placed in the root folder of a project cannot have the same name as a subfolder which contains other XAML files.
  • project.json - Contains information about your automation project.

• Subfolders

  • .entities - Contains data about entities imported from the Data Service, if any are used in the project.
  • .local - Contains data cached locally for the project.
    Note:

    • The .local folder is hidden. You can enable viewing hidden items from the Windows File Explorer settings.
    • The .local folder should not be shared across projects.
  • .objects - Contains data related to items added to the Object Repository, if any are used in the project.
  • .project - Contains tags added to the project.
  • .screenshots - Contains informative screenshots generated in UI automation activities, if any are used in the project.
  • .settings - Contains activity project settings used at runtime.
  • .templates - Contains file templates added to the project.
  • .tmh - Contains data related to test cases, if any are used in the project.
    Note: Projects created with newer versions of Studio might not work with older Studio versions. Read more about Backward and Forward Compatibilty.
    You cannot use the following characters in file names: ", <, >, |, :, *, ?, \, /,;. These characters come from Microsoft Windows restrictions and from other special character restrictions.

Important: Running Studio processes on Automation Cloud™ Robots – VM and Automation Cloud™ Robots – Serverless is not intended for development purposes.

Setting the Project Compatibility

When you create a new project, select the compatibility based on the environment on which the project will run:

• Windows - Uses .NET 6 with Windows support. This is the default option.
• Cross-platform - Uses .NET 6 with cross-platform support.

• Windows - Legacy - Uses .NET Framework 4.6.1. the compatibility used in releases prior to 2021.10.

  Important:

  • Windows and Cross-platform processes require Orchestrator 2021.10 and newer to run.
  • The Windows - Legacy option will no longer be available for new projects in the near future. We recommend selecting Windows or Cross-platform when creating a new project. You can convert your Windows - Legacy projects to the Windows compatibility.

To learn about the differences between compatibilities, see the following table. To find out more about the design experience in each compatibility, see Designing Automations.

	Windows - Legacy	Windows	Cross-platform
Process execution	32-bit	64-bit	64-bit
Supported platforms for execution	Windows (64-bit)	Windows (64-bit)	Windows, Linux, and macOS (64-bit)
Processes are compiled when published	No. Published packages contain the project source files.	Yes. Published packages contain compiled DLL files.	Yes. Published packages contain compiled DLL files.

Only the activities packages that support the selected compatibility can be installed from the package manager.

The compatibility of each project is displayed on the right side of the Studio status bar and in the Project panel > Dependencies node. The compatibility is also displayed in the entry of each project in the Open Recent list in Home (Studio Backstage View) > Start tab.

Note:

• Copying and pasting activities between projects with different compatibilities is not supported.
• If Studio finds validation errors when reopening or reloading a Windows or cross-platform project, you are prompted to automatically import missing references.

Designing Cross-platform Projects

Cross-platform projects enable you to create automations that don't require user interaction, and web browser automations using Chrome. Cross-platform automations can be executed on Windows and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and macOS.

To create unattended projects with cross-platform support:

1. In Studio, create a new project and select the Cross-platform compatibility option. This option is available for all project types. For processes that use VB language for expressions, you have the option to work in both Studio and Studio Web.

2. Design the automation. Please note that not all activities packages are compatible with cross-platform projects, so only a selection of packages is available in the package manager. Find out more about the design experience in cross-platform projects.

   The default dependencies for a cross-platform project are:

   • In the Studio profile: UiPath.System.Activities, UiPath.Testing.Activities, UiPath.WebApi.Activities, and UiPath.UIAutomation.Activities.
   • In the StudioX profile: UiPath.System.Activities, Microsoft Office 365, Google Workspace, and UiPath.UIAutomation.Activities.
3. Test the automation. We recommend testing automations on the machines where they will run using remote debugging which works with Windows, Linux robots, and macOS robots.

4. After testing the automation, publish the project to Orchestrator. The procedure for running unattended jobs is the same for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

   Important: This version of Studio is not compatible with older cross-platform activity package versions that were available in Studio 2022.4 or earlier. If you created cross-platform projects in Studio versions prior to 2022.10, before you edit them in Studio 2022.10 or later, update the installed packages to the latest versions. Some properties may no longer be available for editing.

Opening a Project in Studio Web

Note: Opening projects in Studio Web is supported only for the latest versions of the Enterprise and Community editions of Studio.

If you want to design your cross-platform projects on the go from any device, straight from your browser, you can add projects to the cloud and edit them in Studio Web, the automation designer in UiPath Automation Cloud. When you add a project to the cloud, changes are always synced, allowing you to seamlessly switch between desktop and web and pick up where you left off.

When a Studio project is compatible with Studio Web, the label Cloud Compatible is displayed on the right side of the Studio status bar. To make the project available in Studio Web, select Cloud Compatible > Save to Cloud.

Note: Projects that use the C# language for expressions are not supported in Studio Web. You can save a C# project to cloud, but you won't be able to edit it in Studio Web.

Managing a cloud project in Studio

To be compatible with Studio Web, a cross-platform project must meet the following requirements:

• The project type is process.
• The language for expressions is VB.
• The project contains a single workflow file.

After a project is saved to Studio Web, the label in the status bar changes to Cloud Project. Click the label to open a dropdown menu with options that enable you to manage the project:

• Save to Cloud - Save the latest changes you made in Studio Desktop to the project in Studio Web. If the remote project has changes, you must first confirm that you want to overwrite them. You cannot save to cloud if the project is locked by Studio Web.
• Open in Studio Web - Open the project in Studio Web. If the project is locked by Studio Web, an error is displayed and the project is opened in a new tab in read-only mode.
• Save a Copy - Save the current project locally as a new project. You can edit the name, select where to save, and enter a project description.

• Get Latest Version - Get the latest changes you made in Studio Web. If there are differences between the remote project and the local project, you must first confirm that you want to overwrite the local version.

  
  

  

  
  

Similarly, when you create a project in Studio Web, you have the option to continue working in Studio. From the Projects page in Studio Web, open the menu on the right side of a project, and then select Open in Studio Desktop.

How changes are synced between Studio and Studio Web

When you save and close a cloud project in Studio, the changes are also saved in the remote project if the project is not locked by Studio Web. When you then open the project in Studio Web, the project is updated with any changes you saved to cloud in Studio.

When you open a cloud project in Studio, the project is updated with any changes you made in Studio Web. To update a project that is already open in Studio with the latest changes from Studio Web, select Cloud Project > Get Latest Version in the Studio status bar.

In both cases, if there are differences between the local project and the remote project, you are prompted to confirm before proceeding.

Setting the Project Language

When you create a new project in the Studio profile, you can select which language to use for expressions, either VB or C#. VB is the language selected by default, but you can set C# as the default language for new projects by going to Home (Studio Backstage View) > Settings > Design. Projects created in the StudioX profile use the VB.NET language for expressions.

The use of both VB and C# expressions in the same project is not supported. Neither is the use of VB expressions in C# workflows and vice versa. When you copy and paste activities from other projects, invoke or import workflows, make sure they use the same language as your project.

You can install C# libraries as dependencies in VB projects and vice versa. However, default values defined for arguments in the library project using language-specific expressions cannot be accessed from the project where the library is installed.

C# Limitations

• The current C# implementation is based on the C# compiler that uses C# version 5, therefore access to newer features like coalescing assignment, null-conditional operator, null-coalescing operator, string interpolation and others is limited.
• Projects containing expressions with increments are invalid.
• Expressions containing the nameof() operator are marked as invalid and are not allowed with the current implementation of C#.
• Expressions containing calls to methods with optional arguments must include values for the optional arguments.
• Design time and runtime performance of C# projects is lower when compared to VB.NET. When runtime performance is essential, we recommend using VB.NET instead of C#.
• Each run of a Windows - Legacy project with C# creates a compiled DLL file in the folder %appdata%\Temp that is not automatically deleted after running the project. If storage is a concern, you can:
  • Use Windows or cross-platform projects with C#.
  • Use Windows - Legacy projects with VB.
  • Manually delete the unnecessary files after execution.

Setting the Project Version

Semantic Versioning

The semantic versioning scheme has the format Major.Minor.Patch[-Suffix], where:

• Major is the major version.
• Minor is the minor version.
• Patch is the patch version.
• -Suffix (optional) is a hyphen followed by a series of dot separated identifiers immediately following the patch version. This denotes a prerelease version.

Identifiers must comprise only of ASCII alphanumeric characters and hyphen, and they must not be empty. Numeric identifiers must not include leading zeroes. In addition, build metadata may be denoted by appending a plus sign and a series of dot separated identifiers immediately following the patch or pre-release version, for example 1.0.0-alpha+1.

When creating a new process or library, the default version scheme is semantic. It can be changed from the Publish window by simply adding an extra digit to the version number. The project’s semantic version can be modified from the project.json file too. The patch number 0 is automatically added to projects with version number major.minor.

Legacy Versioning

The legacy version number generated for the project has the format M.m.bbbb.rrrrr, where:

• M is the major version.
• m is the minor version.
• bbbb is the build version.
• rrrrr is the revision version.

The major and minor versions can be edited in the project.json file also, while the build and revision versions are generated according to an algorithm - the build value is the number of days that elapsed since 01.01.2000. The revision value is the number of seconds which elapsed since the current day, until the moment of the release. The result is divided by 2, so that the maximum revision number does not exceed 65535.

The suggested version number in the Publish window is generated based on the project’s previous versioning scheme, while the current date and timestamp are taken into account for projects using the 4-digit versioning scheme.

Managing Projects

The Project panel enables you to view and filter the contents of the current project, add folders, open the file location, manage dependencies, and adjust project settings.

Copy and paste files from File Explorer directly into the Project panel. The same can be done using drag and drop on one or multiple files, including .xaml workflows. You can also use the Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V shortcuts or Copy and Paste options in the context menu to copy and duplicate files or folders inside the panel.

You can double-click TXT, CS, VB, JSON (excluding the project.json file), and XML files smaller than 10 MB to edit them inside Studio in a text editor with syntax highlighting.

Option	Description
Expand All	Expands all nodes in the automation project.
Collapse All	Collapses all nodes in the automation project.
Refresh	Refreshes the project.
Sync with Active Document	Focuses on a project element that's active in the Designer panel.
Show All Files	Shows all files belonging to the automation project, including the project.json.
File Explorer	Opens the project's location on the machine.
Project Settings	Opens the Project Settings window for processes or libraries.
Filter by file type	Filters the files of the current project that can be edited in Studio by file type: Workflows, Test Cases, Forms, Code, Text, Objects (disabled by default), Show hidden folders (disabled by default). To view all the files in the project folder, select Other (disabled by default).

Context Menu for Projects

Right-click anywhere in the Project panel to open the context menu with options described in the following table. A different subset of options is available depending on where in the panel you right-click, the type of project, and whether the project is added to source control.

Option	Description
Open Project Folder	Opens the local folder containing the project.
Project Settings	Opens the Project Settings window for adjusting project preferences.
Add	Opens a list of items that can be added to the project: folder, file, sequence, flowchart, state machine, form, workflow, global handler, or, in test automation projects, test case. Use workflow to create a workflow file based on built-in templates (sequence, flowchart, state machine) or local file templates.
Import Files	Opens the File Explorer window to import files into your project. By default, the *.xaml filter is applied to list only workflow files, but you can change it to all files to import other file types. Imported is added to the imported file name if it coincides with the name of a workflow from the current project. You can only import workflow files that use the same language for expressions as the current project. When you import a workflow file, the dependencies of the current project are compared to the ones in the source project file, if one is available. If there are any discrepancies, the Import Workflow window is displayed with information about changes needed to avoid unresolved activities. Available dependency updates are selected by default and are installed when you select Import. The icon indicates a missing dependency that should be installed. The icon indicates a newer version used in the source project that you should update to. The icon is displayed if a missing dependency is not available for the current project, or if the available version is different than the one in the source project. Optionally, you can indicate a project.json file to use as a reference and select whether to search in prerelease package versions.
Convert to Windows	In Windows - Legacy and cross-platform projects, opens the Convert to Windows window where you can convert the project to the Windows compatibility.
Add to Source Control	Adds the current project to source control using Git Init, Copy to Git, Add to TFS, or Add to SVN options. Please note that this option is only visible when right-clicking the project node. When a project is added to source control, additional options are available in the context menu. See the options for GIT and the options for SVN and TFS.
Open	Opens the selected files using the default program.
Open File Location	Opens the local folder containing the file.
Rename	Enables you to rename the selected file or folder, and opens the Rename Item window. The item is renamed in all occurrences. Note: The full path of the new file must not exceed 258 characters.
Copy	Copies the selected files or folders to the clipboard. You can then paste them in the project panel or in the Windows file explorer.
Paste	Pastes files or folders that were copied to the clipboard.
Delete	Deletes the selected item only from your local machine.
Select for Compare	Selects the current file for comparison.
Compare with Selected	Compares the current file with the previously selected file using Compare Files.
Find References	Finds all references to the file in the project. The results are displayed in the Find References panel.
Open in Text Editor	Opens the selected text file in a text editor inside Studio in read-only mode. To open a text file in edit mode, double-click it. You can double-click TXT, CS, VB, JSON (excluding the project.json file), and XML files smaller than 10 MB to edit them inside Studio in a text editor with syntax highlighting.
Debug File	Debugs the selected .xaml file.
Set as Main	Sets the selected .xaml file as Main in the project definition, meaning that the project execution starts with that file. There can only be one Main project file. The name of the file set as main appears in bold in the Project panel.
Activity Layout	Open the Properties window for files in library projects, where you can customize the design of the generated activity.
Set as Global Handler	Sets the .xaml file as the Global Exception Handler for the project. This is applicable to one workflow per project/process.
Remove Handler	Removes the Global Exception Handler tag from the .xaml file.
Enable Entry Point	Marks the selected workflow file as an entry point for the process, making it possible to select it as the workflow to run first when using the Invoke Process and Run Parallel Process activities in other processes, or when starting a job from Orchestrator. Note: When a file is marked as an entry point, an arrow is displayed on the icon next to the file name . Enabling a file that is ignored from publishing as an entry point sets the file as publishable. This option is not available for test case files. This option is not available in library projects.
Disable Entry Point	No longer marks the selected workflow file as an entry point for the process. This option is not available for the workflow file that is set as Main.
Extract as Template	Saves the selected workflow or test case as a template on which you can then base other files in the project. Using a file template allows you to save time when you need to create multiple files with the same structure. When you add a new workflow or test case, you have the option to base it on any template of the same type that exists in the Templates project folder.
Ignore from Publish / Set as Publishable	Marks one or more selected files as excluded from publishing or publishable. Note: When a file is ignored from publishing, the icon next to the file name turns gray . Ignoring a file marked as an entry point from publishing disables the entry point. These options are not available for workflow files in library projects. In projects where XAML files are compiled when published, workflow and test case files that are excluded from publishing are not compiled.
Make Private / Make Public	Marks one or more selected files in a library project as private or public, A private workflow file is included in the published package, but no reusable component is created and made available in the Activities panel in projects where the library is installed as a dependency. Note: When a file is marked as private, the icon next to the file name turns gray . These options are not available for test case files.
Create Test Case	Creates a test case that invokes the selected workflow file.
Convert to Test Case / Convert to Workflow	Converts the selected workflows to test cases or the selected test cases to workflows.
Import Test Cases	Imports test cases into the project as draft test cases.
Add Test Data	Opens the Import Data Variation Source window that enables you to add test data to the project. This option is only available for test cases.
Link to Test Manager	Opens the Link to Test Manager window that enables you to link the selected test cases to Test Manager.
Run Test Cases / Debug Test Cases	Runs or debugs multiple selected test cases.

Context Menu Options for GIT

In projects added to GIT repositories, an icon is displayed next to each file in the Project panel to indicate the file status:

The file is synced with the repository.

The file has been modified.

The file has been added.

The file has been removed.

Right-click a file or project node in the Project panel to open the GIT-specific context menu for Managing Projects with GIT.

Option	Description
Commit	Commits current changes to the local GIT repository.
Push	Pushes the current version onto the remote repository.
Pull (rebase)	Pulls remote files and rebases the current branch.
Manage Branches	Opens the GIT window with options for managing currently added branches.
Show Changes	Opens the File Diff window for comparing changes between the local version and the remote version of the file.
Show History	Opens the Show History window for comparing two versions of the same file.
Undo	Opens the Undo Pending Changes window if the file was not committed or pushed to the remote repository.
Copy Repository URL	Copies the repository URL of the project to the clipboard.

Context Menu Options for SVN and TFS

In projects added to SVN or TFS repositories, an icon is displayed next to each file in the Project panel to indicate the file status:

The file is not checked out for editing.

The file has been checked out for editing.

The file has been edited.

The file has been added.

Right-click a file or project node in the Project panel to open the context menu with options specific to managing projects with TFS or SVN.

Option	Description
Open	Opens the selected .xaml file in the Designer panel, in read-only mode if it was not checked out for edit from the TFS/SVN repository.
Rename	Enables you to rename the selected file or folder, and opens the Rename Item window. When checking in the renamed .xaml file, the previously modified version must also be checked in.
Delete	Deletes the selected item only from your local machine. The latest checked in version of the file is still available in the TFS/SVN repository.
Check Out For Edit	Marks the selected file or folder as locked for editing. Checking out a file locks it on the server so that no one else can edit it.
Finish Editing	Checks in the project.json file in the respository, together with changes and a commit message.
Add	Uploads the selected item to the TFS/SVN server. This option is not available, if the item was previously uploaded to the server.
Get Latest Version	Downloads the latest version of the selected item from the TFS/SVN repository.
Show changes...	Opens the File Diff to compare changes between the versioned file and the one mapped locally.
Check In	Displays the Check In Changes window and enables you to upload the selected item to the server as the newest version. The .xaml file must be saved before uploading it. After it’s checked in, the file becomes read-only in Studio.
Undo	Displays the Undo Pending Changes window and enables you to Revert the changes done to the project, either revert modified files to previous or unversioned states, or retrieve files which were deleted from the local machine. Changes cannot be reverted after the file was checked in.
Run	Runs the selected workflow, even if it's not checked out or added to the repository.
Set as Main	Sets the selected .xaml file as Main in the project. The first created .xaml is set as Main by default.
Copy Repository URL	Copies the repository URL of the project to the clipboard.

Adjusting Project Settings

A set of individual settings can be established for each automation project that you’re working on. Such settings are available in the Project Settings window, which can be opened by clicking the in the Project panel.

Field Description for the Settings Window

The following table describes the project settings for process, test automation, and template projects. For information about the settings available for libraries, see About Libraries.

Field	Description
Name	Change the name of the project. Such names may contain whitespace characters. When naming projects, keep in mind that whitespace characters are removed at publish time. This field accepts up to 128 characters.
Description	Change the project description. This field accepts up to 500 characters.
Project tags	You can add one or more tags to the project, either by creating new ones or by reusing tags already defined in Orchestrator. There are two types of tags: labels and properties (key-value pairs). Tags are included in the published package and they help describe and categorize projects. For example, they can refer to the automated application (an Excel label) or the department (a department:accounting key-value property). When you start typing, possible matches are suggested from already defined tags, and you can reuse one by selecting it from the list of matches. For a property match, the key followed by the : (colon) character is displayed first, and the associated values are displayed after you select the key, To add a new tag, after you enter the name, click the entry with the plus sign next to the name. Separating strings with the : (colon) character enables you to add properties, while entries that don't contain a : add labels. Labels and key-value properties are limited to 256 characters. Tag names can't contain these characters: <, >, %, &, \, ?, /, :. Project tags can be automatically applied to processes in Orchestrator. For more information about using tags, see Organizing resources with tags in the Orchestrator guide.
Automation Hub URL	URL of an Automation Hub idea linked to the project. For more information, see Linking a Project to an Idea in Automation Hub.
Package Icon	Optionally, define a custom icon for the project. You can browse to and select a file, or enter a path or public URL to a jpeg, jpg, or png file up to 1MB in size. After the project is published, the icon is displayed as follows: For processes, in the Assistant next to the process name, making it easier to identify it in the list of processes. For templates, next to the template in Home (Studio Backstage View) > Templates. For libraries, next to the package in the Manage Packages window in Studio. Note: The icon is not visible in Manage Packages if a local file is used for a library published to Orchestrator or a feed that does not support embedded icons, In this case, specify the icon using a URL.
Disable Pause	Enable or prevent users from pausing execution from the UiPath Assistant. Set to Yes if pausing the process during execution would result in crashing it. For example, if an activity in your workflow uses the Timeout property, pausing the execution might cause the timeout to expire, thus breaking the execution.
Attended Automation	Set to Yes to indicate that the project should only be executed in an attended context. Use this setting for projects that include UI Automation activities or other activities that require user interaction.
Starts in Background	Set to Yes to turn the project into a Background Process and allow it to run in the background concurrently with other processes, as long as it does not use UI interaction.
Supports Persistence	Set to Yes to turn the project into an Orchestration Process.
Separate Runtime Dependencies	To increase Robot performance and reduce the size of published packages, libraries are separated into design and runtime packages. The design package is used by Studio and the slimmer execution package is used by the Robot.
Include Sources	Set to Yes to package all .xaml sources within the published package, including workflows that were previously made private. For Windows - Legacy libraries, the files are saved in the generated assembly file and in the lib\net45 folder in the .nupkg file. For Windows and cross-platform libraries and processes, the files are saved in the content folder in the .nupkg file.
PiP Options	Indicate whether the project was tested using Picture in Picture (PiP) and whether it should start in PiP by default. Tested for PiP usage; Starting in PiP - The automation has been approved to run in PiP mode. When run, it starts in PiP by default. Tested for PiP usage; Not starting in PiP by default - The automation has been approved to run in PiP mode. When run, it starts in the main session or desktop by default. Not tested for PiP usage - The automation has not been approved to run in PiP mode. When run, it starts in the main session or desktop by default. If run in PiP, a dialog informs the user it was not tested using this feature and prompts for confirmation before proceeding.
PiP Type	Select how to isolate the automation from the user session when running the project in PiP: New Session (child session on the machine) or New Desktop (virtual desktop in the user session).

Click OK and the changes are made visible in the Project panel and project.json file.

Check out the Configuring Activity Project Settings page to read about how to adjust activity properties at project level.

Note: Please take into consideration that whenever you wish to copy a large number of activities from one sequence to another, it is recommended to scroll down to the bottom of the Designer panel beforehand. This is due to a Windows Workflow Foundation limitation.

Removing Unused Project Resources

Unnecessary resources can make projects more difficult to understand and can impact performance, To avoid this problem, remove unused resources from your projects by clicking Remove Unused in the Studio ribbon, and then selecting what to remove:

• Workflows - Remove workflow files that are not referenced in the project.
• Variables - Remove variables that are not used in the currently open file.
• Arguments - Remove arguments that are not used in the currently open file.
• Dependencies - Remove installed activities packages from which no activities are used in the project.
• Imports - Remove imported namespaces that are not used in currently open file.
• Screenshots - Remove informative screenshots that are not used in any activity in the project.