About Automation Projects

UiPath Studio enables you to create the following types of projects:

• Process - Design an automation process and publish it so that it can be executed by robots.
• Library - Design workflows as reusable components and publish the project as a library that can be added as a dependency to multiple processes. For more information, see About Libraries.
• Test Automation - Design a test automation project. For more information about test automation, see the Test Suite section.
• Template - Design a process and publish it as a template that other processes which share common characteristics can then be based on. For more information, see Project Templates.

To create a new blank project, go to Home (Studio Backstage View) > Start and select the type of project to create under New Project. Alternatively, you can start from one of the default templates available under New from Template or go to the Templates tab to browse for more templates from various sources.

In the new project window, configure the following for each project:

• Enter a name for the new project (up to 128 characters) and a description that summaries what you are aiming to do with this automation project (up to 500 characters).
• Select the location where to create the project. The default location where projects are created is %USERPROFILE%\Documents\UiPath.

• Select the compatibility and language.

  Note: The compatibility and language cannot be changed after you create a project.

By default, the project folder includes the following files and subfolders:

• Files

  • Main.xaml - Created by default to hold your main workflow. In addition, all the other automation XAML files you add to the project are stored in the project folder. Optionally, you can set a different file as main. All the files must be linked through the Invoke Workflow File activity to the file set as main or to a file marked as an entry point to the project. For test automation projects, a TestCase.xaml file is created by default instead of Main.xaml.
  • project.json - Contains information about your automation project.

• Subfolders

  • .entities - Contains data about entities imported from the Data Service, if any are used in the project.
  • .local - Contains data cached locally for the project.
    Note: The .local folder is hidden. You can enable viewing hidden items from the Windows File Explorer settings.
  • .objects - Contains data related to items added to the Object Repository, if any are used in the project.
  • .screenshots - Contains informative screenshots generated in UI automation activities, if any are used in the project.
  • .settings - Contains activity project settings used at runtime.
  • .templates - Contains file templates added to the project.
  • .tmh - Contains data related to test cases, if any are used in the project.
    Note: Projects created with newer versions of Studio might not work with older Studio versions. Read more about Backward and Forward Compatibilty.
    You cannot use the following characters in file names: ", <, >, |, :, *, ?, \, /,;. These characters come from Microsoft Windows restrictions and from other special character restrictions.

Setting the Project Compatibility

When you create a new project in the Studio profile, select the compatibility based on the environment on which the project will be executed:

• Windows - Legacy - Uses .NET Framework 4.6.1. the compatibility used in releases prior to 2021.10. This is the default option.
• Windows - Uses .NET 6 (in Studio 2021.10.6 and later versions) or .NET 5 (in Studio 2021.10 versions prior to 2021.10.6) with Windows support.

• Cross-platform - Uses .NET 6 (in Studio 2021.10.6 and later versions) or .NET 5 (in Studio 2021.10 versions prior to 2021.10.6) with cross-platform support.

  Important: Windows and Cross-platform processes require Orchestrator 2021.10 and newer to run.

To learn about the differences between compatibilities, see the following table.

	Windows - Legacy	Windows	Cross-platform
Process execution	32-bit	64-bit	64-bit
Supported platforms for execution	Windows (32-bit and 64-bit)	Windows (64-bit)	Windows and Linux (64-bit)
Processes are compiled when published	No. Published packages contain the project source files.	Yes. Published packages contain compiled DLL files.	Yes. Published packages contain compiled DLL files.

The design experience is the same for all compatibilities, but only the activities packages that support the selected compatibility can be installed from the package manager.

The compatibility of each project is displayed on the right side of the Studio status bar and in the Project panel > Dependencies node. The compatibility is also displayed in the entry of each project in the Open Recent list in Home (Studio Backstage View) > Start tab.

Note: Copying and pasting activities between projects with different compatibilities is not supported.

Designing Cross-Platform Projects

Cross-platform projects enable you to create API-based automations that can be executed on Windows as well as Unix-like operating systems.

Note: In the 2021.10 release, cross-platform projects support execution only on Windows and Linux.

To create unattended projects with cross-platform support:

1. In Studio, create a new project and select the Cross-platform compatibility option. This option is available for all project types.
2. Design the automation. Please note that not all activities packages are compatible with cross-platform projects, so only a limited selection of packages is available in the package manager. The default dependencies for a cross-platform project are UiPath.System.Activities and UiPath.WebApi.Activities.
3. Test the automation. We recommend testing automations on the machines where they will run using remote debugging which works with both Windows and Linux robots.
4. After testing the automation, publish the project to Orchestrator. The procedure for running unattended jobs is the same for Windows and Linux.

Setting the Project Language

When you create a new project in the Studio profile, you can select which language to use for expressions, either VB or C#. VB is the language selected by default, but you can set C# as the default language for new projects by going to Home (Studio Backstage View) > Settings > Design. Projects created in the StudioX profile use the VB.NET language for expressions.

The use of both VB and C# expressions in the same project is not supported. Neither is the use of VB expressions in C# workflows and vice versa. When you copy and paste activities from other projects, invoke or import workflows, make sure they use the same language as your project.

You can install C# libraries as dependencies in VB projects and vice versa. However, default values defined for arguments in the library project using language-specific expressions cannot be accessed from the project where the library is installed.

C# Limitations

• The current C# implementation is based on the C# compiler that uses C# version 5, therefore access to newer features like coalescing assignment, null-conditional operator, null-coalescing operator, string interpolation and others is limited.
• Projects containing expressions with increments are invalid.
• Expressions containing the nameof() operator are marked as invalid and are not allowed with the current implementation of C#.
• Expressions containing calls to methods with optional arguments must include values for the optional arguments.
• Design time and runtime performance of C# projects is lower when compared to VB.NET. When runtime performance is essential, we recommend using VB.NET instead of C#.

Setting the Project Version

Semantic Versioning

The semantic versioning scheme has the format Major.Minor.Patch[-Suffix], where:

• Major is the major version.
• Minor is the minor version.
• Patch is the patch version.
• -Suffix (optional) is a hyphen followed by a series of dot separated identifiers immediately following the patch version. This denotes a prerelease version.

Identifiers must comprise only of ASCII alphanumeric characters and hyphen, and they must not be empty. Numeric identifiers must not include leading zeroes. In addition, build metadata may be denoted by appending a plus sign and a series of dot separated identifiers immediately following the patch or pre-release version, for example 1.0.0-alpha+1.

When creating a new process or library, the default version scheme is semantic. It can be changed from the Publish window by simply adding an extra digit to the version number. The project’s semantic version can be modified from the project.json file too. The patch number 0 is automatically added to projects with version number major.minor.

Legacy Versioning

The legacy version number generated for the project has the format M.m.bbbb.rrrrr, where:

• M is the major version.
• m is the minor version.
• bbbb is the build version.
• rrrrr is the revision version.

The major and minor versions can be edited in the project.json file also, while the build and revision versions are generated according to an algorithm - the build value is the number of days that elapsed since 01.01.2000. The revision value is the number of seconds which elapsed since the current day, until the moment of the release. The result is divided by 2, so that the maximum revision number does not exceed 65535.

The suggested version number in the Publish window is generated based on the project’s previous versioning scheme, while the current date and timestamp are taken into account for projects using the 4-digit versioning scheme.

Managing Projects

The Project panel enables you to view the contents of the current project, add folders, open the file location, manage dependencies, and adjust project settings.

Copy and paste files from File Explorer directly into the Project panel. The same can be done using drag and drop on one or multiple files, including .xaml workflows. You can also use the Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V shortcuts or Copy and Paste options in the context menu to copy and duplicate files or folders inside the panel.

Option	Description
Expand All	Expands all nodes in the automation project.
Collapse All	Collapses all nodes in the automation project.
Refresh	Refreshes the project.
Show All Files	Shows all files belonging to the automation project, including the project.json.
File Explorer	Opens the project's location on the machine.
Project Settings	Opens the Project Settings window for processes or libraries.

Context Menu for Projects

Right-click anywhere in the Project panel to open the context menu with options described in the following table. A different subset of options is available depending on where in the panel you right-click, the type of project, and whether the project is added to source control.

Option	Description
Open Project Folder	Opens the local folder containing the project.
Project Settings	Opens the Project Settings window for adjusting project preferences.
Add	Opens a list of items that can be added to the project: folder, sequence, flowchart, state machine, global handler, workflow, or, in test automation projects, test case.
Import Workflows	Imports .xaml files to the project and adds Imported in the file name if it coincides with the name of the main file.
Import Files	Opens the File Explorer window for importing various files into your project.
Add to Source Control	Adds the current project to source control using Git Init, Copy to Git, Add to TFS, or Add to SVN options. Please note that this option is only visible when right-clicking the project node. When a project is added to source control, additional options are available in the context menu. See the options for GIT and the options for SVN and TFS.
Open	Opens the selected files using the default program.
Open File Location	Opens the local folder containing the file.
Rename	Enables you to rename the selected file or folder, and opens the Rename Item window. The item is renamed in all occurrences.
Copy	Copies the selected files or folders to the clipboard. You can then paste them in the project panel or in the Windows file explorer.
Paste	Pastes files or folders that were copied to the clipboard.
Delete	Deletes the selected item only from your local machine.
Select for Compare	Selects the current file for comparison.
Compare with Selected	Compares the current file with the previously selected file using Compare Files.
Find References	Finds all references to the file in the project. The results are displayed in the Find References panel.
Debug File	Debugs the selected .xaml file.
Set as Main	Sets the selected .xaml file as Main in the project definition, meaning that the project execution starts with that file. There can only be one Main project file. The name of the file set as main appears in bold in the Project panel.
Properties	Open the library’s Properties window for adding a tooltip and Help Link.
Set as Global Handler	Sets the .xaml file as the Global Exception Handler for the project. This is applicable to one workflow per project/process.
Remove Handler	Removes the Global Exception Handler tag from the .xaml file.
Enable Entry Point	Marks the selected workflow file as an entry point for the process, making it possible to select it as the workflow to run first when using the Invoke Process and Run Parallel Process activities in other processes, or when starting a job from Orchestrator. Note: When a file is marked as an entry point, an arrow is displayed on the icon next to the file name . Enabling a file that is ignored from publishing as an entry point sets the file as publishable. This option is not available for test case files. This option is not available in library projects.
Disable Entry Point	No longer marks the selected workflow file as an entry point for the process. This option is not available for the workflow file that is set as Main.
Extract as Template	Saves the selected workflow or test case as a template on which you can then base other files in the project. Using a file template allows you to save time when you need to create multiple files with the same structure. When you add a new workflow or test case, you have the option to base it on any template of the same type that exists in the Templates project folder.
Ignore from Publish / Set as Publishable	Marks one or more selected files as excluded from publishing or publishable. Note: When a file is ignored from publishing, the icon next to the file name turns gray . Ignoring a file marked as an entry point from publishing disables the entry point. These options are not available for workflow files in library projects. In projects where XAML files are compiled when published, workflow and test case files that are excluded from publishing are not compiled.
Make Private / Make Public	Marks one or more selected files in a library project as private or public, A private workflow file is included in the published package, but no reusable component is created and made available in the Activities panel in projects where the library is installed as a dependency. Note: When a file is marked as private, the icon next to the file name turns gray . These options are not available for test case files.
Create Test Case	Creates a test case that invokes the selected workflow file.
Convert to Test Case / Convert to Workflow	Converts the selected workflows to test cases or the selected test cases to workflows.
Import Test Cases	Imports test cases into the project as draft test cases.
Add Test Data	Opens the Import Data Variation Source window that enables you to add test data to the project. This option is only available for test cases.
Link to Test Manager	Opens the Link to Test Manager window that enables you to link the selected test cases to Test Manager.
Run Test Cases / Debug Test Cases	Runs or debugs multiple selected test cases.

Context Menu Options for GIT

In projects added to GIT repositories, an icon is displayed next to each file in the Project panel to indicate the file status:

The file is synced with the repository.

The file has been modified.

The file has been added.

The file has been removed.

Right-click a file or project node in the Project panel to open the GIT-specific context menu for Managing Projects with GIT.

Option	Description
Commit	Commits current changes to the local GIT repository.
Push	Pushes the current version onto the remote repository.
Pull (rebase)	Pulls remote files and rebases the current branch.
Manage Branches	Opens the GIT window with options for managing currently added branches.
Show Changes	Opens the File Diff window for comparing changes between the local version and the remote version of the file.
Show History	Opens the Show History window for comparing two versions of the same file.
Undo	Opens the Undo Pending Changes window if the file was not committed or pushed to the remote repository.
Copy Repository URL	Copies the repository URL of the project to the clipboard.

Context Menu Options for SVN and TFS

In projects added to SVN or TFS repositories, an icon is displayed next to each file in the Project panel to indicate the file status:

The file is not checked out for editing.

The file has been checked out for editing.

The file has been edited.

The file has been added.

Right-click a file or project node in the Project panel to open the context menu with options specific to managing projects with TFS or SVN.

Option	Description
Open	Opens the selected .xaml file in the Designer panel, in read-only mode if it was not checked out for edit from the TFS/SVN repository.
Rename	Enables you to rename the selected file or folder, and opens the Rename Item window. When checking in the renamed .xaml file, the previously modified version must also be checked in.
Delete	Deletes the selected item only from your local machine. The latest checked in version of the file is still available in the TFS/SVN repository.
Check Out For Edit	Marks the selected file or folder as locked for editing. Checking out a file locks it on the server so that no one else can edit it.
Finish Editing	Checks in the project.json file in the respository, together with changes and a commit message.
Add	Uploads the selected item to the TFS/SVN server. This option is not available, if the item was previously uploaded to the server.
Get Latest Version	Downloads the latest version of the selected item from the TFS/SVN repository.
Show changes...	Opens the File Diff to compare changes between the versioned file and the one mapped locally.
Check In	Displays the Check In Changes window and enables you to upload the selected item to the server as the newest version. The .xaml file must be saved before uploading it. After it’s checked in, the file becomes read-only in Studio.
Undo	Displays the Undo Pending Changes window and enables you to Revert the changes done to the project, either revert modified files to previous or unversioned states, or retrieve files which were deleted from the local machine. Changes cannot be reverted after the file was checked in.
Run	Runs the selected workflow, even if it's not checked out or added to the repository.
Set as Main	Sets the selected .xaml file as Main in the project. The first created .xaml is set as Main by default.
Copy Repository URL	Copies the repository URL of the project to the clipboard.

Adjusting Project Settings

A set of individual settings can be established for each automation project that you’re working on. Such settings are available in the Project Settings window, which can be opened by clicking the in the Project panel.

Field Description for the Settings Window

The following table describes the project settings for process, test automation, and template projects. For information about the settings available for libraries, see About Libraries.

Field	Description
Name	Change the name of the project. Such names may contain whitespace characters. When naming projects, keep in mind that whitespace characters are removed at publish time. This field accepts up to 128 characters.
Description	Change the project description. This field accepts up to 500 characters.
Automation Hub URL	URL of an Automation Hub idea linked to the project. For more information, see Linking a Project to an Idea in Automation Hub.
Package Icon	Optionally, define a custom icon for the project. You can browse to and select a file, or enter a path or public URL to an ico, jpeg, jpg, or png file up to 1MB in size. After the project is published, the icon is displayed as follows: For processes, in the Assistant next to the process name, making it easier to identify it in the list of processes. For templates, next to the template in Home (Studio Backstage View) > Templates. For libraries, next to the package in the Manage Packages window in Studio. Note: The icon is not visible in Manage Packages if a local file is used for a library published to Orchestrator or a feed that does not support embedded icons, In this case, specify the icon using a URL.
Disable Pause	Enable or prevent users from pausing execution from the UiPath Assistant. Set to Yes if pausing the process during execution would result in crashing it. For example, if an activity in your workflow uses the Timeout property, pausing the execution might cause the timeout to expire, thus breaking the execution.
Attended Automation	Set to Yes to indicate that the project should only be executed in an attended context. Use this setting for projects that include UI Automation activities or other activities that require user interaction.
Starts in Background	Set to Yes to turn the project into a Background Process and allow it to run in the background concurrently with other processes, as long as it does not use UI interaction.
Supports Persistence	Set to Yes to turn the project into an Orchestration Process.
PiP Ready	Set to Yes to indicate that the project was tested using Picture in Picture. If set to No, when the process is run in PiP from the Assistant, a dialog informs the user it was not tested using this feature and prompts for confirmation before proceeding.
Starts in PiP	Set to Yes to indicate that the process should be run by default using the Picture in Picture feature.
Modern Design Experience	Set to Yes to enable a modern experience of working with UI Automation, including new and improved activities, recorders, and wizards, as well as the Object Repository. This setting also enables / disables a modern design experience for Excel if the Excel Design Experience option is set to UseGlobalSetting in the Excel activities project settings.

Click OK and the changes are made visible in the Project panel and project.json file.

Check out the Configuring Activity Project Settings page to read about how to adjust activity properties at project level.

Note: Please take into consideration that whenever you wish to copy a large number of activities from one sequence to another, it is recommended to scroll down to the bottom of the Designer panel beforehand. This is due to a Windows Workflow Foundation limitation.

Removing Unused Project Resources

Unnecessary resources can make projects more difficult to understand and can impact performance, To avoid this problem, remove unused resources from your projects by clicking Remove Unused in the Studio ribbon, and then selecting what to remove:

• Workflows - Remove workflow files that are not referenced in the project.
• Variables - Remove variables that are not used in the currently open file.
• Arguments - Remove arguments that are not used in the currently open file.
• Dependencies - Remove installed activities packages from which no activities are used in the project.
• Imports - Remove imported namespaces that are not used in currently open file.
• Screenshots - Remove informative screenshots that are not used in any activity in the project.

About the Project.Json File

Project.json is an automatically generated file which is created for each .xaml file marked as Main in the project folder.

The file holds varied information, including project dependencies, or web services loaded in libraries. For more information about web services in libraries, check out the Loading Web Services in Libraries page.

Note:

Manually editing the project.json file should be attempted for troubleshooting scenarios only, as it may lead to severe consequences and loss of support.

As of 2018.2, you should specify a project.json file when running your project from the UiRobot.exe (command line) client.

The parameters contained in the Project.json file are described in the following table.

Parameter	Description
name	The title of the automation project. It is provided in Studio when creating a new process or library.
description	The description of the project. It is provided in the Description field in Studio when a new project is created.
main	The entry point of the automation project. It consists of an .xaml file. The default name is “Main.xaml”. It is displayed both as the title of the Designer panel and in the Properties panel in Studio. If you want to execute a different project first, change the value of this parameter to the name of the .xaml file to be processed. Note: If your automation project contains multiple files, each of them should be linked to the Main.xaml file through the Invoke Workflow File activity. This is especially useful when the project is published to Orchestrator and sent to a Robot, as the Robot executes only the file provided in this parameter.
dependencies	The activities packages used to create the automation project and their versions. The list is updated every time a dependency is added or removed from the project, or when a package version changes. Note: Version numbers are composed of the following parts, in order: major, minor, build, and revision. The build value is the number of days that elapsed since 01.01.2000. The revision value is the number of seconds which elapsed on the day of the release, starting from 5 AM, GMT.
webServices	namespace - The name of the service provided in the Add new service window for libraries. serviceDocument - The path to the .xml or .json file containing metadata for the SOAP or Swagger service. The file is used when the service is repaired, and should be versioned as part of the project. webDocumentUri - The file path or link to the Swagger or SOAP resource (provided when the service is created in the Add new service window). uniqueReference - A reference needed for versioning the service.
entitiesStores	serviceDocument - The path to the local entities file. tenantName - The tenant where the Data Service resides. namespace - The namespace under which the entities are imported (the project namespace). uniqueReference - A reference needed for versioning the service.
schemaVersion	The version of the project.json file.
studioVersion	The version of Studio used to create the automation project.
projectVersion	The version used when publishing this project to a feed. Represents the one set in the Publish window.
runtimeOptions	isPausable - Whether pause is enabled for the process requiresUserInteraction - Whether the process is a background process. supportsPersistence - Whether the process is a long running process. excludedLoggedData - Contains keywords that can be added to the name of an activity to prevent variable and argument values from being logged at the Verbose level. That can also be achieved by selecting the Private checkbox of any activity. Read more about the protection of sensitive information here. readyForPiP - Whether the process is marked as PiP ready. startsInPiP - Whether the process is configured to start in PiP.
designOptions	projectProfile - The Studio profile used when the project was created, either Business (StudioX) or Development. outputType Shows the project type, either Process, Library, or Tests. libraryOptions includeOriginalXaml - Whether to include original workflow files in the resulting .nupkg file. privateWorkflows - The full name of private .xaml files contained in the library. processOptions ignoredFiles - List of RPA workflow files ignored from publishing. fileInfoCollection - Contains the following information for each test case file in the process: editingStatus (Publishable or InProgress), testCaseId, and fileName. modernBehavior - Whether the process is configured to use the Modern Design Experience.
arguments	Contains the following information for each input and output argument defined in the workflow file that is set as Main: name, type, whether it is required, and whether it has a default value (hasDefault). Note: Arguments information is added only to the file in the .nupkg package after publishing.
expressionLanguage	The language set for the process (VisualBasic or CSharp).
entryPoints	Contains the following information for each file marked as an entry point to the process filePath, uniqueId. and the following information for each input and output argument in the file: name, type, whether it is required, and whether it has a default value (hasDefault). Note: Arguments information is added only to the file in the .nupkg package after publishing.
isTemplate	Whether the project is a template.
templateProjectData	Contains the following information for template projects: defaultProjectDescription - The default project description for processes based on the template. defaultProjectName - The default project name for processes based on the template.
targetFramework	The target framework set for the project (Legacy, Windows, or Portable).

The following is an example of the contents of a project.json file included in a package published from Studio.

{
  "name": "UI-40028",
  "description": "Blank Process",
  "main": "Flowchart.xaml",
  "dependencies": {
    "UiPath.Excel.Activities": "[2.9.3]",
    "UiPath.Mail.Activities": "[1.9.3]",
    "UiPath.System.Activities": "[20.10.1]",
    "UiPath.UIAutomation.Activities": "[20.10.6]"
  },
  "webServices": [],
  "entitiesStores": [],
  "schemaVersion": "4.0",
  "studioVersion": "20.10.2.0",
  "projectVersion": "1.0.1",
  "runtimeOptions": {
    "autoDispose": false,
    "isPausable": true,
    "requiresUserInteraction": true,
    "supportsPersistence": false,
    "excludedLoggedData": [
      "Private:*",
      "<em>password</em>"
    ],
    "executionType": "Workflow",
    "readyForPiP": false,
    "startsInPiP": false
  },
  "designOptions": {
    "projectProfile": "Developement",
    "outputType": "Process",
    "libraryOptions": {
      "includeOriginalXaml": false,
      "privateWorkflows": []
    },
    "processOptions": {
      "ignoredFiles": []
    },
    "fileInfoCollection": [],
    "modernBehavior": false
  },
  "arguments": {
    "input": [
      {
        "name": "argument1",
        "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
        "required": false,
        "hasDefault": false
      },
      {
        "name": "argument2",
        "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
        "required": false,
        "hasDefault": false
      }
    ],
    "output": []
  },
  "expressionLanguage": "VisualBasic",
  "entryPoints": [
    {
      "filePath": "Main.xaml",
      "uniqueId": "5289efb0-f8bc-42f3-8cf4-0caa3a7d1915",
      "input": [
        {
          "name": "argument1",
          "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
          "required": false,
          "hasDefault": false
        },
        {
          "name": "argument2",
          "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
          "required": false,
          "hasDefault": false
        }
      ],
      "output": []
    },
    {
      "filePath": "Flowchart.xaml",
      "uniqueId": "d0904ba0-506e-437d-979c-b9da4325faad",
      "input": [
        {
          "name": "argument1",
          "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
          "required": false,
          "hasDefault": false
        },
        {
          "name": "argument2",
          "type": "System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089",
          "required": false,
          "hasDefault": false
        }
      ],
      "output": []
    }
  ],
  "isTemplate": false,
  "templateProjectData": {},
  "publishData": {}
}