Hardware Requirements

There are multiple enterprise cloud deployment options available to host your Orchestrator, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Depending on your deployment option of choice and the size of the environment you plan to build, you need to consult different hardware requirements.

This chapter provides insight into the hardware requirements specific to some of these scenarios.

Small to Medium Deployments

The hardware requirements differ from your development environment to the production environment. While the same hardware requirements as your production environment could be utilized for testing and development purposes, that implies higher and unnecessary costs, especially in large-scale deployments.

Development Environments

These requirements assume a maximum of 100 Unattended robots running simultaneously. Two machines can be used, one for Orchestrator and (optionally) Elasticsearch, and one for SQL Server, configured as follows:

Web Application Server

CPU Cores (>2GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
4	4	150

SQL Server

CPU Cores (>2GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
4	8	300

Production Environments

For production environments, it is highly recommended to provide one dedicated server for each role:

• Orchestrator web application.
• SQL Server Database Engine.
• Elasticsearch and Kibana.

For a Multi-Node Installation, in addition to the above, the following is also required:

• for Orchestrator (3+ HAA nodes are required for true high availability and 6+ HAA nodes for geo-redundancy.
  Note:

  Multi-node Orchestrator deployments use the RESP (REdis Serialization Protocol) for communication, and thus can be configured using any solution relying on this protocol.

  HAA is the only such solution supported by UiPath.

The hardware configuration for each required server depends upon the size of your deployment, as detailed below. The hardware requirements presented here were made based on tests where a Robot was defined as follows:

• messages are sent from the Robot to Orchestrator with a frequency of 1 message per second
• within 60 seconds, the Robot sends:
  • 15 message logs
  • 2 heartbeats
  • 6 get asset requests
  • 6 add queue item requests
  • 6 get queue item requests

Support up to 250 Unattended Robots

Web Application Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<20	4	4	100
<50	4	4	100
<100	4	4	150
<200	4	4	200
<250	4	4	200

Note:

For more than 200 Robots, increase to 500 the number of connections allowed in the pool of the SQL connection string from the UiPath.Orchestrator.dll.config file. To do this, add the Max Pool Size=500 parameter to the connection string, so that it looks similar to this example:

<add name="Default" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Server=SQL4142;Integrated Security=True;Database=UiPath;Max Pool Size=500;" />

SQL Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<20	4	8	100
<50	4	8	200
<100	4	8	300
<200	8	8	SSD 400
<250	8	16	SSD 400

Disc space requirements highly depend on:

• Whether work queues are used or not. If work queues are used, it depends on average number of transactions added daily/weekly and size (number of fields, size of each field) of each transaction.
• The retention period for successfully processed queue items (the customer should implement their own retention policy).
• Whether messages logged by the Robots are stored or not in the database. If they are stored, a filter can be applied to only store in the DB specific levels of messages (for example, store in the DB the messages with log level Error and Critical, and store in Elasticsearch messages with log level Info,Warn and Trace).
• Frequency of logging messages - the Robot developer uses the Log Message activity at will, whenever they consider a message is worth to be logged.
• The retention period for old logged messages (the customer should implement their own retention policy).
• Logging level value set up in the Robot. For example, if logging level in the robot is set to Info, only messages with levels Info,Warn,Error and Critical are sent to Orchestrator; messages with levels Debug,Trace and Verbose are ignored, they will not reach Orchestrator.

Elasticsearch Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<20	4	4	100
<50	4	4	100
<100	4	8	150
<200	4	12	200
<250	4	12	300

Disc space requirements depend on:

• The retention period (the customer should implement their own retention policy).
• Frequency of logging messages - the Robot developer uses the Log Message activity at will, whenever they consider a message is worth to be logged.
• Logging level value set up in the Robot. For example, if logging level in the Robot is set to Info, only messages with levels Info,Warn, “Error” and “Critical” are sent to Orchestrator; messages with levels “Debug”, “Trace” and “Verbose” are ignored, they will not reach Orchestrator.
  Note: For more than 50 Robots you need to instruct the Java Virtual Machine used by Elasticsearch to use 50% of the available RAM, by setting both the -Xms and -Xmx arguments to half of the total amount of memory. This is done either through the ES_JAVA_OPTS environment variable or by editing the jvm.options file.

Support Between 250 and 500 Unattended Robots

Web Application Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<300	8	8	200
<400	8	8	220
<500	16	16	250

SQL Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<300	16	32	SSD 400
<400	16	32	SSD 500
<500	16	32	SSD 600

Note: For SQL Server Standard Edition, 16 CPU cores is the maximum that the Standard edition will use. For a virtual machine, please ensure that this number of cores is obtained as 4 virtual sockets with 4 cores each (and not as 2 sockets with 8 cores or 8 sockets with 2 cores). For Enterprise edition, it does not matter what is the combination to obtain 16 cores.

For more than 300 Robots, please consider not storing all logged messages in the SQL Server database. Store in the DB only the messages with log level Error and Critical. Store all messages (including Error and Critical) in Elasticsearch.

Elasticsearch Server

Number of Robots	CPU Cores (min 2 GHz)	RAM (GB)	HDD (GB)
<300	4	12	300
<400	4	16	500
<500	4	16	600

Large Deployments

IaaS Attended Deployments

The following section describes the requirements of a large, scalable deployment using the Azure Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offerings. The following services are required:

• VM Availability Set for Orchestrator
• VM Availability Set for Elasticsearch
• Windows Server SQL VM
• Azure Load Balancer
• Distributed DNS Service (such as Cloudflare)

Architecture

Note:

The architecture examples below contain optional and/or differing components (e.g. CyberArk, UiPath High Availability Add-on).

The Jumpbox depicted is not required but is a recommended best practice for your production environments, providing isolation and security.

Single-Node Architecture

Multi-Node Architecture

Hardware Requirements

This section describes the hardware configurations used for the performance testing listed in Scaling Your Deployment, below.

Orchestrator Nodes

Each Orchestrator node must be configured as follows:

VCPUs	RAM (GB)	SSD (GB)
16	32	128

SQL Server

The SQL Server virtual machine specifications must scale in line with the number of Orchestrator nodes:

Orchestrator Nodes	VCPUs	RAM (GB)	Disk
1 - 2	8	16	1TB - ultra SSD disk for database, tempDB, and transactional log
5	16	32	1TB - ultra SSD disk for database 1TB - ultra SSD disk for tempDB 1TB - ultra SSD disk for transactional log
10	32	64	1TB - ultra SSD disk for database 1TB - ultra SSD disk for tempDB 1TB - ultra SSD disk for transactional log
15	40	96	1TB - ultra SSD disk for database 1TB - ultra SSD disk for tempDB 1TB - ultra SSD disk for transactional log

Elasticsearch Availability Set

The Elasticsearch availability set is comprised of 3 master nodes and 6 data nodes, for a total of 9 nodes, each with the following specifications:

VCPUs	RAM (GB)	OS SSD (GB)	Data SSD (TB)
8	16	128 (with 5000 IOPS and 100 MB/s Throughput)	1 (with 5000 IOPS and 200 MB/s Throughput)

Software Requirements

Software	Version
Operating System	Windows Server 2016
Databases	SQL Server 2019
Logging	Elasticsearch 7.2.0

The versions listed above are those used for the deployments and performance tested loads described.

Load Balancing

For multi-node deployments, it is recommended to use two Azure Standard load balancers:

• One for the Orchestrator servers;
• One for the Elasticsearch servers.

High Availability Add-on

• for Orchestrator (3+ HAA nodes are required for true high availability and 6+ HAA nodes for geo-redundancy.

  Important:

  Multi-node Orchestrator deployments use the RESP (Redis Serialization Protocol) for communication, and thus can be configured using any solution implementing this protocol.

  High availability deployments of Orchestrator are supported by UiPath only if the is used.

Scaling Your Deployment

The number of nodes needed in your Orchestrator scale set depends on the number of Robots being deployed:

Orchestrator Scale Set Nodes	No. of Robots
1	up to 6,000
2	up to 14,000
5	up to 80,000
10	up to 200,000
15	up to 300,000

These deployments were tested using the hardware and software configurations above to exhibit no performance loss under the specified load below.

Performance Testing

The data displayed in the following 2 tables is representative of an attended deployment.

Static Data

Static Data refers to the initial Orchestrator load.

Entity	One Node	Two Nodes	Five Nodes	Ten Nodes	Fifteen Nodes
Tenants	1	1	1	1	1
Folders	1	2	4	4	6
Robots	6,000	14,000	80,000	200,000	300,000
Packages	8,000	16,000	48,000	48,000	48,000
Processes	4,000	8,000	24,000	24,000	24,000
Queues	600	1,200	1,800	2,400	3,000
Queue Items	1,120,000	1,500,000	3,000,000	5,000,000	7,000,000
Assets	500	1,000	1,500	3,000	4,500

Dynamic Data

Dynamic data refers to the data added to or changed in Orchestrator as processes are executed.

Entity	One Node	Two Nodes	Five Nodes	Ten Nodes	Fifteen Nodes
Queue Items (per day)	300,000	600,000	4,000,000	9,000,000	10,500,000
Jobs (per minute)	700	1,500	3,000	6,000	7,500
Logs (per minute)	20,000	50,000	300,000	600,000	800,000
Nuget Downloads (Maximum per minute)	1,000	3,000	10,000	14,000	18,000
Robots Connected (Maximum)	6,000	14,000	80,000	200,000	300,000
Heartbeat (per minute)	12,000	28,000	160,000	400,000	600,000
Busy Robots	3,000	7,000	40,000	100,000	150,000
Available Robots	3,000	7,000	40,000	100,000	150,000

PaaS Attended Deployments

The following sections offer an insight into the capabilities of a PaaS deployment in terms of performance.

Architecture

The following prerequisites are needed:

• Orchestrator:

  • Orchestrator App Service Plan: 20 P3V2 instances
  • Azure SQL Server: Premium P15: 4000 DTUs
  • Azure Redis cache P2 Premium 13GB

• Identity Server:

  • Identity Server App Service Plan: 2 instances P3V2
  • Azure SQL Server: Standard S7: 800 DTU

• Elasticsearch:

  • VM Availability Set

Performance Testing

The data displayed in the following tables is representative of an attended deployment.

Static Data

Static Data refers to the initial Orchestrator load.

Entity	One Node
Tenants	1
Folders	8,000
Robots	80,000
Packages	8,000
Processes	8,000
Queues	8,000
Queue Items	2,000,000
Assets	8,000

Dynamic Data

Dynamic data refers to the data added to or changed in Orchestrator as processes are executed.

Entity	One Node
Queue Items (per day)	5,000,000
Jobs (per minute)	2,600
Logs (per minute)	240,000
Nuget Downloads (Maximum per minute)	2,000
Robots Connected (Maximum)	80,000
Heartbeat (per minute)	160,000
Busy Robots	40,000
Available Robots	40,000

TCP Ports

Port	Description
443	Default port for communication between Users and Orchestrator with the connected Robots.
1433	Default port for communication between Orchestrator and the SQL Server machine.
9200	Communication between Orchestrator and Elasticsearch.
9300	Communication between Elasticsearch nodes, if applicable.
5601	Default port used by the Kibana plugin, if applicable.
3389	Required for RDP automation, needed for High-Density Robots.

You can also check out hardware requirements for Studio and Robot.