Service mode and user mode

Service Mode and User Mode deployment options for UiPath Robot, covering use cases, capabilities, and how each mode connects to Orchestrator.

The UiPath Robot operates in two modes - Service Mode and User Mode.

Service Mode is designed for unattended automation and allows operations under locked screen or when a user is not logged in.

User Mode, on the other hand, is used for attended automation scenarios requiring human intervention. It runs from the system tray and its capabilities depend on the resources available to the currently logged-in user.

How the installation sets the mode

The UiPath Platform Installer sets the mode from the install scope and, for a per-machine installation, from the Robot type option:

Install scope	Robot type	Mode
Per-machine	Unattended	Service Mode. The installer registers the Robot as the UiPath Robot Windows service (UiRobotSvc).
Per-machine	Attended	User Mode, for every user who signs in to the machine. The installer doesn't register a Windows service.
Per-user	Not offered	User Mode, for the user who installed it. A per-user installation never registers a Windows service.

In a silent installation, the REGISTER_ROBOT_SERVICE parameter of the Robot package sets the same choice. For details, refer to Installing the Robot and Silent installation.

For more details about the Platform Installer, refer to Install the desktop clients and Update channels.

Connecting User Mode or Service Mode robots to Orchestrator

The following table describes the recommended Orchestrator connection method based on the robot operational mode:

Robot installation type	Robot operational mode	Orchestrator connection
Attended	User Mode	Interactive Sign-In
Unattended	Service Mode	Client credentials
Studio (for development purposes)	User Mode	Interactive Sign-In

Service Mode

In Service Mode, the Robot runs as a Windows service, therefore it automatically starts once the system boots up. It has system-wide access, completing tasks independently, even if no user is logged into the system.

When you install the Robot in Service Mode, it uses the UiPath.Service.Host.exe service to handle everything related to job execution in the background.

User Mode

In User Mode, the Robot starts only after a user logs in and manually launches an automation. It has the same access rights as the logged-in user. It requires a user interface to perform tasks. Without an active user session, the robot cannot run processes.

When you install the Robot in User Mode, it uses the UiPath.Service.UserHost.exe service to handle everything related to job execution.

Interactive Sign-In

Interactive Sign-In, or the Service URL option in Assistant, is the default authentication option for User Mode robots: sign-in to Assistant by providing your user credentials.

If your environment is configured to use SSO with Azure Active Directory, you can enable automatic authentication for your account during the Robot installation (the Automatically sign in option).

Service Mode robots can use Interactive Sign-In for troubleshooting unattended sessions: first log on to the machine in a user session, then authenticate with the Service URL to Assistant to gain access to processes.

Modes comparison

The following table summarizes the main differences between Service Mode and User Mode:

Robot capability	Service Mode	User Mode
System start-up	Automatically starts at system start-up.	Starts when Assistant starts.
User session	Operates independently from any specific user.	Operates under the active user session.
Access rights	Has system-wide access.	Has the same access rights as the logged-in user.
Execution requirements	Executes tasks even when no user is logged in.	Requires a user interface and an active user session to perform tasks.
Execution resources	Requires more computational resources as it can run more complex tasks.	Needs fewer computational resources.
Automation type	Suitable for unattended automation scenarios.	Suitable for attended automation scenarios.
Scaling	Often used in large-scale automation deployments.	Typically used for individual or small-scale deployments.
Management service	UiPath.Service.Host.exe	UiPath.Service.UserHost.exe
Visibility	Mostly invisible during its operation.	Visible in the system tray and can be managed from there.
Secure XAML (*)	Supports securing XAML files.	Does not support securing XAML files, meaning users can access these files without admin rights.

(*) Secure XAML is a feature specific to Windows-Legacy projects exclusively.

Switching between modes

On a per-machine installation, you can switch between User Mode and Service Mode by changing the Robot's configuration in the UiPath Platform Installer and selecting the other Robot type. When you switch to Attended, the installer removes the UiPath Robot Windows service. A per-user installation can't switch to Service Mode. To move it, uninstall it and install the Robot per-machine.

Important:

Avoid changing the operational mode after installation. Such a change breaks settings such as the proxy or the Orchestrator connection, because the Robot keeps them in %ProgramData%\UiPath in Service Mode and in %AppData%\UiPath in User Mode. The proxy settings are in %AppData%\UiPath\proxyBasicAuth.json or %ProgramData%\UiPath\Shared\proxy.json.